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The default Ansible privilege escalation mechanism requires broad sudo privileges. If your production environment gives you sudo access but bars you from getting a root shell, you are out of luck. As, the doc says - you cannot expect Ansible to work when sudo commands are restricted.

Privilege escalation permissions have to be general. Ansible does not always use a specific command to do something but runs modules (code) from a temporary file name which changes every time. If you have /sbin/service or /bin/chmod as the allowed commands this will fail with ansible as those paths won’t match with the temporary file that ansible creates to run the module.

I seem to learn more about the nuances of the Go language every other day. Sometime back, I had looked at how Go untyped constants work during maths operations with typed variables. I just found another significant part of the spec that I had previously glossed over, this one is also about untyped constants - numeric constants in Go live in an unified space with arbitrary precision and a fungible numeric type.

So I ran into this problem at work today with an runit based service breaching open files limit.

My first thought was to increase the system ulimit for nofile in /etc/security/limits.conf. I changed this from 30k to about 60k. But strangely, the service still keep dying.

Sometimes instead of creating a logger and then passing it around, it is convenient to just use a global logger.

The standard log library allows you to both create a custom logger using log.New() or directly use a standard logger instance by calling the package helper functions log.Printf() and the like.

zap provides such a functionality as well using zap.L() and zap.S(), however using them didn’t seem so straight forward to me.

The various implementations of field encoders provided in zap can sometimes feel inadequate. For example, you might want the logging output to be similar to that in syslog or other common log formats. You might want the timestamps in the log to ignore seconds, or the log level to be wrapped within square brackets.

To have your own custom formatters for the metadata fields you need to write custom encoders.

Using the logger presets in zap can be a huge time saver, but if you really need to tweak the logger, you need to explore ways to create custom loggers. zap provides an easy way to create custom loggers using a configuration struct. You can either create the logger configuration using a JSON object (possibly kept in a file next to your other app config files), or you can statically configure it using the native zap.Config struct, which we will explore here.

I was intrigued when Uber announced zap, a logging library for Go with claims of really high speed and memory efficiency. I had tried structured logging earlier using logrus, but while I did not experience it myself, I was worried by a lot of folks telling me about its performance issues at high log volumes. So when zap claimed performance exceeding the log package from standard library, I had to try it. Also, its flexible framework left the door open to a future plan of mine of sending logs filebeat style to ELK.

The documentation for the library was pretty standard, but I could not find a reasonable introduction to explore the various ways one can use the library. So I decided to document some of my experiments with the library.

I collected my code examples in Github, and decided to break it up into a series of posts.

I admit I had not paid much attention to Netlify earlier. It sort of seemed like yet another web performance related startup.

But on reading Fatih’s article on hosting Hugo on Netlify, it piqued my interest. A CDN/hosting service which puts your content in caches all around the world, and triggers Hugo (and bunch of other common scripts) on Github commits? And all this for free? Sounds too good to be true, and memories of Posterous floated in my mind.

But again, the best part of using static blogging software like Hugo, is that there is so less to lose from trying out a new hosting option - no databases to setup, no old content to migrate.

And so i decided to try it out as well. And it turned out to be blindingly simple! Netlify turned out to be awesome!

Here are all the stuff I needed to do to move my Hugo hosting from my shared hosting account at Dreamhost to Netlify.

Soon after I reviewed GoLand, I discovered VS Code - a general purpose editor with superlative support for Go. And I have been impressed enough to stay.

As I understand Go more, some of the concepts tend to make my head hurt. Sometimes, innocent examples in various tutorials hide such deep concepts, that it takes a while for me to decode it all.

Here is an example. In various tutorials, pauses are made using time.Sleep().

The first time I saw an example like the following, it made me stop in my tracks.

package main

import (
	"time"
)

func main() {
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
}